He mata wai-aroha ngā kohuke mata-konute kua waikurahia (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, me ētahi atu) ā, kāore e taea te tuku tika atu ki ngā kaikohi xanthate. Mā te tāpiri o te konutai whanariki ka pakaru te konganuku, ka taea ai te mimiti i ngā xanthates. Haunga te whanariki me te whakahohenga, ka whakaratohia hoki e te konutai whanariki he whakaheke whiriwhiri, he whakatikatika pH penupenu, me ngā mahi tango matū, ka waiho hei matū tino nui i roto i te tukatuka mata-konute kua waikurahia.
I. Te whakapūngao me te whakahohenga
- Te tikanga tauhohenga
Ka waikura te konutai whanariki i roto i te wai hei whakaputa i ngā katote S²⁻ me te HS⁻, e tauhohe ana ki ngā katote konganuku mata i runga i ngā kohuke mata-konute kua waikurahia mā te whakarewa-whakarewa, ka hanga he kiriata whanariki wai-aroha:
Te Whare Karakia:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (tauhohenga whakaahua; tūnga whakaahua)
Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (tauhohenga whakaahua; tūnga whakaahua)
He matotoru, he pumau te kiriata PbS i hangaia, e mimiti pūmau ana i te xanthate, ā, e whakamānu ana i te mata kua waikuratia ki te whanariki. He ngāwari te kiriata ZnS ki te waikura me te wehe; kāore e ranea te konutai whanariki anake mō te konutea waikuratia e mānu ana, e hiahia ana kia whakahohehia tuaruatia me ngā kaikohi amine i muri mai.
- Uara tono
Ki te kore he konutai whanariki, he iti te whakaoranga whānui o te mata-konutea kua waikurahia. Mēnā ka tika te whakapūkara, ka nui ake te whakaoranga mata. Ko te whakapūkara he whakaritenga mō te whakapūkara o te konganuku kua waikurahia. I roto i te mahi, ka tāpirihia te konutai whanariki tuatahi mō te whakapūkara, ā, muri iho ko te xanthate mō te whakapūkara whiriwhiri mata.
II. Te pouri whiriwhiri
- Te whakaheke i ngā poke pērā i te sphalerite me te pyrite
Ka pania ngā mata o te galena, te sphalerite, me te pyrite e te nui o te S²⁻ i roto i te penupenu, ka aukati i te mimiti o te xanthate, ka puta he pānga pōuri.
I te wāhanga whakamānutanga mata nui, ka whakamahia he horopeta konutai whanariki ngawari hei whakahohe i te mata kua waikurahia anake; ka pehia te mata i te taikaha, ka pehia hoki te sphalerite tuatahi, ā, ka tutuki ai te wehenga o te konutea-mata.
Mō te wāhanga whakamānu konutea, me horoi pai ngā paru mata hei whakaiti i te kukū konutai whanariki toenga me te whakakore i te hekenga, i mua i te whakamahinga o ngā kaikohi amine hei whakaora i te konutea. - Ngā ture horopeta
Kāore i te rawaka te horopeta: he kiriata whanariki angiangi, kāore i oti, he iti te whakaora mata.
Inenga taurite: te whakahohenga katoa o te mata kua waikurahia me te whakahekenga taurite o te sphalerite, te wehenga tino pai.
Te nui rawa o te horopeta: ka pehia e te S²⁻ taikaha te mata kua waikura me te sphalerite, ka heke tere te whakaoranga o te mata me te konutea.
III. Te whakatikatika i te penupenu
- Te whakatikatika pH
Mā te waikura o te konutai whanariki ka puta he otinga kawakore kaha, e pupuri ana i te pH penupenu i te awhe pai o te 8.5–11. Ka ārai te taiao kawakore i te pirau waikura o te kiriata whanariki, ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te whakawhanariki. - Āe, te mana whakahaere
Ka whakaitihia e ngā katote whanariki whakaiti te pūmanawa waikura o te penupenu, ka ārai i te whakakorenga waikura o te kiriata PbS. Mō ngā konganuku tino waikura, me pupuri tonu he nui o te konutai whanariki hei matū whakaiti. - Te ua o ngā iona konganuku taumaha kino
Ka whakahohehia ngā kohuke gangue e ngā katote Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, me te Fe³⁺ kore utu i roto i te penupenu, ka whakaitihia te whiriwhiringa. Ka whakarewahia ēnei katote e te S²⁻ hei whanariki, ka whakakorea te pokanoa me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga koretake o ngā matū. - Te horapa o te paru
Ka māhorahora mārire ngā paru angiangi e ngā hua wairākau kawakore, ka whakamama i te paninga o ngā mata kohuke e hiahiatia ana e ngā paru.
IV. Te mahi whakaiti/whakakorenga
Ina puta he ranunga matūriki kua whakakōkīhia ki te mata-konutea, ka taea te tāpiri i te nui o te konutai whanariki i te kukū teitei. Ka whakataetae te nekehanga a S²⁻ i te xanthate kua mimitihia ki runga i ngā mata kohuke, ka tangohia katoatia te kaikohi. Whai muri i te horoinga me te paninga anō, ka whakamahia te whakakōkī me te wehenga ā-wāhanga hei whakakore i ngā tipu mata-konutea kua raka. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakamānutanga matūriki kua whakaranua ki te hāora-whanariki.
V. Ngā rerekētanga whanonga o te konutai whanariki i runga i ngā kohuke mata me ngā kohuke konutea
- Mata kua waikurahia (cerussite) – ka hanga he kiriata PbS matotoru; he nui te konutai whanariki ngawari mō te whakapūmau i te rere; ko te nui rawa ka puta te hekenga. He pai mō te whakapūmau i te mata papatipu e ahu mai ana i te xanthate.
- Konutea waikura (smithsonite) – ka hanga he kiriata ZnS wetewete; kāore e taea e te konutai whanariki anake te whakamānu. Ko te konutai whanariki he maimoatanga mua noa iho, ā, e hiahiatia ana ngā kaikohi cationic pērā i te octadecylamine, te dodecylamine rānei. Ka tino pehia e te konutai whanariki toenga te whakamānu o te konutea waikura.
VI. Ngā tohutohu matua mō ngā mahi ahumahi
- Tāpiritanga wehewehe: tāpirihia te wāhanga huri me te whakatārewatanga taratara hei whakaroa i te wā pa ki te whakapūkara.
- Me whakawaiwai, me horoi hoki ngā paru e peia ana e te mata hei whakaiti i te toenga o te konutai whanariki i mua i te peiatanga o te konutea.
- Mō ngā konganuku uku nui te waikura, whakakotahitia ki ngā matū whakaiti (paura rino) me ngā matū whakamarara (sodium hexametaphosphate) hei whakau i te kiriata whanariki.
Ngā pānga taha: te whakaputanga o te hau hua pirau (H₂S) paitini – me whakapūngao; ka nui rawa te utu o te matū; ka nui rawa ngā taumata whanariki wai para e eke ana ki ngā taumata e tika ana.
Tuhipoka motuhake: Ka tere te pirau o te NaHS mēnā ka whakamahia.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-13-2026
